Settling the Rio Grande Valley

Settling the Rio Grande Valley The Rio Grande Valley consists of the southern most part of Texas, along the Texas/Mexico border. The population growth in this area was very slow until the 1900's, when it began to skyrocket. From 1920 to 1930, the population in the Valley more than doubled. One of the main factors for this population increase was the railroad construction. The St. Louis, Brownsville, and Mexico railroads all were completed in 1904. This furthered the expansion of the already popular method of irrigation farming in this area. The railroad system allowed for commercial production of different fruits and vegetables. Irrigation farming became extremely popular in this area and citrus orchards began popping up in this area. The farmers even discovered a tree that would thrive in the Valley climate. Irrigation farming became so successful that an amendment was added to the Texas constitution encouraging irrigation and drainage districts. Though it was becoming very popular, irrigation farming was far more expensive than the dry farming done in West Texas. It was almost impossible for small farmers to compete with the corporate farms and wealthy land owners. The large, corporate farms required extensive staff and therefore increased the population. The railroads continued to encourage population growth into the 20's and 30's by running excursion trains. These trains transported people, free of charge, from North Texas cities into South Texas. The passengers would often times buy land in South Texas and a single excursion could generate up to one million dollars in land sales. The economy continued to thrive and population continued to grow. Since most of the Valley consisted of large, corporate farms; the farmers relied on low paid laborers and the farms had their own cotton gins, stores, and employee housing. This created a wide gap between the wealthy and the poor, this gap was wider and more apparent than in other areas of the state because there were less small farmers to buffer the gap. Many of the low-wage laborers were African- American or Mexican-American. With that said, not only did rifts between classes become more evident, but also the racial tension became heavier. Earlier, â€Å"tradition and a relatively static social and political order† made people more sympathetic with the Tejanos. But during the twentieth century, these wealthy land owners were far more unsympathetic to the Tejano traditions and culture than in earlier years. This made discrimination more rampant and people became more outspoken with their bigotry. There are many documented events, like the Brownsville Affair to shed light on the extreme racism. In 1906, a documented fight broke out between a black soldier at Fort Brown and a local merchant. Since the soldiers arrived at Ft. Brown, the black soldiers were subject to extreme hatred and racism. With this particular incident, shots were fired and a white man was killed. This just goes to show the intense division between the classes and the hatred that was shown between the two groups. The railroads, the newly popular irrigation system, and the high land sales all contributed to the population growth, but because the corporate farms dominated the area, racial tension was very prevalent.

Geography for Kids

Geography for Kids ThoughtCo includes a large collection of resources that are appropriate for children. This article provides easy access to the best of our resources for kids who are aspiring geographers, have a geography quiz coming up at school, or are part of a bee. Geography 101 As a starting point, Geography 101 provides a bunch of information about geography with links to articles all over ThoughtCo. Among others, youll find information on these topics: The definition of geography.The history of geography.The different branches and divisions of geography.Information on studying geography and working as a geographer. Preparing for the Geography Bee The National Geography Bee is for kids in the fourth through eighth grade. Kids can learn about the Bee and how to prepare. If your school is one of the 1,000 that participate in the Geography Bee, the information and links in this article can help your students prepare. All About Geography This article teaches kids some of the important basics of geography and answers questions such as these: What is geography?How does geography differ from geology?What do geographers do?How does one become a geographer? Basic Earth Facts This page for kids includes a listing of fun facts about the planet earth such as these: The size of the earth.The number of countries on our planet.The highest and lowest points on the surface of the earth.The age of the earth.And, more... Geography Quiz Think youre a geography expert? While this quiz might be a challenge to most kids, the true geographic fanatic will appreciate the challenge. Both kids and adults will test the depth of their geographic knowledge with these fifteen questions. U.S. State Capitals This is a great resource for kids who need to memorize the United States state capitals for their geography class. From Juneau (Alaska) to Augusta (Maine), youll find every capital along with population, education, and income information for each city.   Capitals of Every Country This listing is a great reference for kids studying the countries in geography class. Did you know that Yerevan is the capital of Armenia or that Paramaribo is the capital of Suriname? This article can help you brush up on your knowledge of important world cities. All About Physical Geography Physical geography is the branch of the science with which most people are familiar. It includes the study of  climates, flora, and fauna, the atmosphere, landscape features, erosion, and more. This article gives an overview of the physical geography and provides numerous links to further information. All About Cultural Geography Geography isnt all about mountains, bodies of water, and other physical features of the earth. With this article, youll learn about the human side of geography. Youll learn how languages, economics, governmental structures, and even the arts are connected to the physical features of our world. We hope these resources help you and your kids learn geography. Enjoy!

Americans with Disabilities Act

Americans with Disabilities Act Americans with Disabilities Act: 29th Anniversary 29 years ago today, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), was passed, which marked a major milestone in protecting the rights of those with disabilities. It is regarded as one of the most robust pieces of civil rights legislation.What Did the ADA Establish? The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in areas such as employment, communications and transportation, as well as access to government program and services.The ADA is broken into five separate sections, known as titles of protection. Let’s take a closer look at each one.Title I – Employment  Title I of the ADA entitles individuals with disabilities to the same employment opportunities and benefits as those without disabilitiesAn employer must provide reasonable accommodations to those applicants with disabilities who are otherwise qualified.In addition, an individual cannot be refused employment for a position that they are qualified to do.  Title II â⠂¬â€œ Public Services: State and Local Government  Title II of the ADA requires state and local agencies to ensure that their services, activities, policies, procedures, and programs offered are accessible to individuals with disabilities.  Title III – Public Accommodations and Services Operated by Private Entities  Title III focuses on public places, such as restaurants, movie theaters, and sports stadiums. It defines and requires the minimum standards necessary for any new construction.Title III states that existing public places remove barriers wherever necessary, making â€Å"reasonable accommodations† for customers with hearing, vision, and speech disabilities, barring undue hardship to the owner.  Title IV – Telecommunications  Title IV requires that telephone and Internet companies create services (such as closed captioning of federally funded public service announcements on TVs) that enable any individuals with speech or hearing impairments to communicate.  Title V – Miscellaneous Provisions  The fifth and final title of the ADA includes many other provisions in regards to the ADA as a whole, its relationship to state laws, insurance benefits, retaliation, and more. It also includes a list of what conditions are not considered to be a disability for purposes of this Act.Celebrating the ADA Anniversary As we celebrate the ADA’s 29th anniversary on July 26th, it is important for us to acknowledge the importance of equity among those with and without disabilities.To learn more about the ADA and the anniversary, The ADA National Network offers various resources, including videos and photos from past celebrations.We Can HelpIf you are disabled and unable to work, call  Disability Attorneys of Michigan  for a free confidential consultation. We’ll let you know if we can help you get a monthly check and help you determine if any money or assets you receive could impact your eligibility for disability benefits.Disability Attorneys of Michigan  works hard every day helping the disabled of Michigan seek the  Social Security Disability Benefits  they need. If you are unable to work due to a physical, mental, or cognitive impairment, call  Disability Attorneys of Michigan  now for a free consultation at  800-701- 5524.Let Michigan’s experienced Social Security Disability law firm help you get the benefits you deserve. Americans with Disabilities Act, disability attorney, disability lawyer, Michigan disability lawyer

How to Cheat on the SAT

How to Cheat on the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Disclaimer: we're not going to tell you how to cheat on the SAT. We do not advocate cheating by any means! What we willtell you about, however, are some high-profile cheating scandals that have occurred in the recent past.While these scandals involved flagrant violations of ETS rules and regulations, we'll also reveal some little-known actions that can raise some red flags around your scores and jeopardize your chances of college admission. But first, let's take a look at the scandals. China: New SAT Material Already Leaked Right around the time the SAT was redesigned in 2016, new SAT material was apparently leaked in China bytest-prep centers competing for clients and profits. Through a combination of student interviews, online discussion forums, and leaks of entire chunks of the test, managers and teachers at cram schools obtained real test material from the new SAT. Before getting into how people got these materials, let’s discuss why it’s a problem. The SAT, after all, had already been administered, so why should it matter if they obtain real test questions now? Well, at the time, the new SAT had only been administeredin the US. ETS tends to reuse SATs that were already given to US students when administering the test internationally. They don’t have an unlimited number of new test questions, so they recycle tests from the US to be used abroad at a later date. This practice might be superior to giving the same test on the same test dates since students could take advantage of time zones to discusstest material. However, it opens up a whole host of issues, namely the chance for students to see real test questions before they actually take the SAT. As anyone who’s taken the SAT knows, you’re not supposed to share this confidential material with anyone. Students who went to these test-prep centers in China got a huge leg up from premature knowledge of the test. So how did these competitive prep companies already get their hands on new SAT sections? They accomplished this in a few ways. First, some companies flew teachers over to the US to learn more about the SAT. These teachers waited outside test centers and asked students directly to describe the test they just took. According to Reuters, one prep company called Sanli sent teachers to interview Sanli students studying in the US as they came out of the SAT! A second way people in the prep industry learned about the SAT was in online discussion forums, such asCollege Confidential. Students- and perhaps non-student test takers- shared detailed information about their tests online. Savvy test-prep tutors took this insight and reconstructed test material that, in the end, looked extremely similar to the real SAT. Finally- and the details of this are a little sketchy- SAT tutors appeared to have obtained leaked sections of the SAT. As reported by Reuters, there were documents circulating that contained entire sections of March 2016’s SAT. Soon after the SAT was administered, test-prep companies in China advertised test booklets that contained questions very similar to, if not the same as, those on the real SAT. It’s unclear whether these students' scores were withheld or canceled, as they have been in past years. It'd be a shame for students to suffer the consequences of unethical practices of test-prep companies. For now, unfortunately, it seems that competition in the industry means that this kind of cheating will only continue. As you’ll read below, China, as well as South Korea, has been under scrutiny for this same practice in past years. Students in both countrieswho studied at certain test prep centers saw some of the SAT questions before they took the test. This shadowy figure is clearly on his way to a predetermined meeting spot with a backpack full of top-secret SAT material. China and South Korea:Students Given Answers to Repeat Tests Security is extremely high around the SAT, so when foul play occurs, such as in January 2015’s test administration in China and May 2013’s test administration in South Korea, it becomes pretty big news. Scores from the test were withheld not just for all students who tested in China but also for all Chinese students (with a home address in China) who tested outside the country. And for students in South Korea? All their scores were canceled. Here's what happened in our understanding: the College Board administers new tests only within the United States. Internationally, it used a random previously administered test (for example, any of the 60 tests given in the last 10 years). At various points, most notably May 2013, October 2014, and January 2015,ETS suspected that testing organizations illegally purchased SAT tests and questions that had already been given in the US and distributed them to students. Many students recognized questions on their SAT as ones they’d already seen and answered before. Some even went so far as to obtain an entire answer set via text. When they got to the testing center, they texted their tutors a question on the test. The tutor then quickly texted them back a complete set of answers! As I briefly mentioned above, I suspect the College Board recycles previously used SATs to avoid another method of cheating- if everyone around the world took the exact same SAT test, then the time zones would create another vulnerability. Someone in the US could give someone else in Australia the test questions and answers (or vice versa). As a result, the College Board concentrates the best tests in the US (where most test takers are) and gives international students less reliable tests from the past. Unfortunately, this practice means that some students gain knowledge of their test before they even take it, whereas others get their scores canceled despite approaching the test with honesty. While the two cases mentioned above were the most widespread, there have been several others over the years in East Asia that have led to investigations, score cancellations, and even legal indictments of test-prep company managers and teachers! New York: Students Hired Others to Take Test for Them Perhaps the biggest SAT cheating scandal to hit the UScame out of Long Island, New York, in 20. High school students hired others (mostly college students) to take the SAT for them with fake IDs.They paid students up to $3,600 to take the test in their stead. This is understandably tempting- what if you could get a perfect scorer to take your SAT for you? How much would you pay for that? When the cheating was discovered, these students faced charges of scheming to defraud, criminal impersonation, and falsifying business records. While none ultimately faced jail time, their names are public, so they will be forever linked to this highly conspicuous incident of cheating on the SAT. South Korea: Test Centers Obtained and Distributed Advanced Copy While you read above that ETS canceled SAT scores in South Korea for the May 2013 test, you might also be interested to learn that this wasn't the first time!In 2007, ETS canceled allscores for students who took the SAT in South Korea. All 68 tutoring centers in Seoul were investigated, and 10 educators were even barred from leaving the country until the investigation concluded. ETS suspected that tutoring centers illegally obtained a copy of the SAT and distributed it to students in advance of test day. SAT cheating cases are actually relatively rare- only about 2,000 tests are investigated out of the 3 million administered each year. Most of these investigations are concerned with individual cases of suspected test day cheating,such as a student copying from another's exam. Let's take a look at what else could prompt an investigation or cancellation of your test scores by ETS. New Ways the College Board Is Cracking Down on Cheating In February 2017, the College Board announced that they will begin takingnew measures to help combat cheating both in the US and abroad. Some of the new measures announced include the following: Giving the names of people and test-prep companies suspected of cheating to law enforcement and federal agencies in the US and abroad. Reducing the number of times the SAT is given overseas each year. (The SAT will now be offered four times a year overseas in October, December, March, and May.) Reducing the number of questions reused on different tests. Prohibiting people from taking the SAT, SAT Subject Tests, or AP Exams if the College Board has concluded they were guilty of prior cheating. Making it easier for proctors and test takers to anonymously report suspected cheating. These new actions likely won't eliminate cheating, but they should help make it even harder to cheat on the SAT and get away with it. In particular, reducing the number of SAT questions used on multiple exams should significantly reduce the number of test takers who go into the exam already knowing some of the questions and use that knowledge to inflate their scores. What Can Get Your SAT Scores Withheld or Canceled? Not all cheating on the SAT involves high tech, international, back-door deals- the traditional signs of cheating are more common and could result in cancellation of your scores. Looking at anyone else's paper, talking during the test, flipping ahead through the test booklet, or continuing to work or fill in ovals on the bubble sheet after time has been called is strictly prohibited. Test proctors are on the lookout for this type of behavior and could report it if they feel something is off. Make sure you're aware of all the rules of the SAT, especially if you have a hard time absorbing instructions on test day or if English isn't your first language. Familiarizing yourself with the instructions well in advance will allow you to focus all your energy on taking the test itself. Another thing that could prompt an investigation into your scores is huge fluctuations between test administrations.If you jump ahead a huge number of points, or score highly in one section and much lower in a similar section, it's possible that the College Board will withhold your scores. In this case, they'll give you a chance to defend your scores- perhaps you took an intensive SAT prep course after your first test and can provide a testimonial from your teacher- but this process could get long and frustrating and isn't guaranteed to have a happy ending. This situation is quite rare, but here's what you can do to prevent it: Make sure you understand the instructions before test day Try your best on every test administrationrather than treating one as a throwaway or practice run To reiterate, be careful not to do any of the following: Look at anyone else's test Talk to your neighbor once the test has started Flip ahead through your test booklet Keep working after time has been called If ETS suspects cheating on the SAT, what exactly happens next? Consequences of Cheating on the SAT While students in the Long Island scandal faced serious charges, the most common consequence of cheating on the SAT is having your scores canceled.If they've already been sent to colleges as part of your application, then the College Board will notify these schools that your SAT scores are no longer valid. Usually, the College Board won't specify the reason for the cancellation, although they do have the authority to tell third parties what happened. More often, their reason will be quite general. But since score cancellation is rare, this could raise a huge red flag to colleges.Although you'll be allowed to retake the SAT, you might not have time to retake it and get your scores sent in time for your college deadlines. The SAT is a rite of passage that many students, both American and international, share on their path to high school graduation and college. Approaching the SAT with honesty and integrity is the best memory you can have of this near-universal academic landmark. What to Learn From These SAT Cheating Scandals Don't cheat on the SAT- prep instead! Nothing will improve your SAT scores like practicing with high-quality materials and becoming comfortable with the content and format of the test. Check out our free eBook for five vital strategies you need to know that will get you at least a 240-point increase. Since the College Board and your test proctors take fairness and security extremely seriously, be sure you're following all instructions and regulations,including what to the bring to the SAT and what to leave at home. Finally, try to keep perspective throughout the test-prep and college application process, which can cause both a lot of excitement and a lot of stress. Ultimately, if you move through the process with awareness and integrity, you're likely to end up in the college that's the best possible fit for you. What's Next? Feeling stressed about the SAT? Here are what we believe to bethe three major sources of SAT anxiety, and what coping skills you can use in your daily life to manage them. Is test day almost upon you? Here's what you should do the night before to prepare to take the SAT. Are you a high performer who's gunning for a perfect score? Read our guide to learn how you, too, can score a 1600 on the SAT! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Rebecca Safier About the Author Rebecca graduated with her Master's in Adolescent Counseling from the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She has years of teaching and college counseling experience and is passionate about helping students achieve their goals and improve their well-being. She graduated magna cum laude from Tufts University and scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Philosophy of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Philosophy of Leadership - Essay Example Given the essentiality of a leader, there exists a thirst in groups and organizations that needs to be relieved. This thirst is the constant quest of groups and organizations to have what they deem to be the perfect one. There is this constant desire of groups to have the leader perfectly suited for them. It is always their desire to attain success which lies big in their elected leader. No organization or group will attain success without a competent leader that is leading the way for them. This constant search of organizations and groups in having a good competent leader leads us to question: What is then the essence of a competent leader This paper will try to answer such question and will try to unravel the essence of a true leader in the context of a leader's perspective and the personal leadership philosophy of the author. Without further ado, let us now begin our discussion beginning with a leader's perspective, then looking at the personal philosophy of the author and finally looking at the two perspectives in terms of commonality and try to extract the best way of describing the essence of a leader. The leader interviewed was a calm and humble leader. He was so accommodating that that the interviewer instantly felt ease in dealing with him. He described his leadership as a democratic, facilitative and directive leadership. His leadership style is democratic in a sense that he gives freedom to his members. Freedom is manifested in the fact the he encourages creative thinking from his members. His members are allowed to conceptualize ideas regarding the steps needed by the organization in taking the path towards success. He cited one example in marketing. He said that in selling their products, he does not only rely on his trainings and capability but also solicits methods and ideas from his members. His members are free to suggest action plans on how they will promote and sell their products. As a matter of fact, he requires each member to submit an action plan on marketing. He also emphasized that he promotes an atmosphere of free thinking. He does not give much pressure to his members. He believes that free thinking can promote a healthier environment for his members and will let them achieve better ends in their endeavor of achieving success. He gives tasks in a manner that his members enjoy doing it. But he also emphasized that freedom is limited to the extent that there is always discipline in his members. The freedom that he gives is not absolute because he always wants discipline to be bannered by his members. Too much freedom as he said will at times make a member undisciplined enough to ruin the organization's desire for success. He gave emphasis on discipline because he deemed it very vital to success. It is also in discipline that he sees the reason in achieving a timely goal. Discipline promotes efficiency that will enable the organization to achieve their goals in the estimated amount of time they put in achieving it. Efficiency is significant in order for the organization not to waste money and time in any goal that must be attained. His leadership style also banners a facilitative way. This means that because he is promoting a freedom of thinking in the organization, he does not always direct but most of the time facilitates. Being a

Computer applications in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computer applications in management - Essay Example Social networking sites include Facebook, Tagged.com, Xanga.com, Live Journal, MySpace, Friendster.com, Liked In among others have cropped on the Internet for the past few years. Social networking services can facilitate learning and skill development outside formal learning environments and especially for the youths below 25 in Australia through support brought about by peer to peer learning of skills and knowledge, diverse cultural expression, collaboration, skill development within the working area (Ito et al, 2006; Jenkin, 2007, cited by Palfrey, 2008, p7 cited by Collin, Rahilly, Richardson and Third, 2011). These sites play key roles in youth culture as they give youth space and a place to hang out amongst themselves, where they share cultural artifacts. Most of these sites enable young people to flirt, post pictures, share videos, creative artwork and also meeting new people. They connect students from different schools across the nation (Barnes 2006). Young people pour their minds, into these social networking sites in order clear their heads, show their thoughts and get feedback from their peers (Hoang 2006 cited in Barnes 2006). Social networking services foster a strong sense of community and belonging which has the potential to promote resilience, that helps young people to adapt to change and also stressful events (Collin, Rahilly, Richardson and Third, 2011, p7). ... Boys, who are reluctant when discussing their feelings, tend to benefit more than girls from this effect (Farrer 2009). University of Minnesota conducted a study last year using social media which revealed improved technology and communication skills boosted creativity and exposed students to new views. This activity has taught students on editing content, designing and also encouraged the production and sharing of poetry, art, photographs, video content etc. This improves on students resulting to better performance in exams (Farrer 2009). These sites create a central repository of personal information. As American adults are concentrating on how the government and other organizations are collecting data regarding its citizens as teenagers freely give up their personal and private information in their social media. School officials, government agencies, marketers and online predators can collect data about youths through online teenage diaries. We can conclude these by saying adults are more concerned about the invasion of privacy while youths are freely giving up personal information. This occurs mainly because youths are unaware of the public nature of the Internet (Barnes 2006). Whereas adults argue that some certain information like that may lead to hacking of one’s account. However, formal communication is not vanishing. As social networking is displacing other forms of online communication to some degree such as email, chartrooms among others incorporates others like blogging, music downloading, and instant messaging and remediates yet more notably, face to face and phone communications (Bolter and Grusin, 1999; Jenkins, 2006 cited in Livingstone 2008, p395). To sum up on the benefits, Social Networking Services constitute new spaces for civic

Evolution of Computer Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evolution of Computer Technology - Essay Example By doing so the CPU is never idle and optimizes the use of resources. It is a combination of various scalar and vector processing which is responsible for Instruction level parallelism within a single processor. It executes more than one instruction during a clock cycle. It also includes pipelining and makes sure that instructions are taken from a sequential stream are dynamically checked for dependencies between instructions. It enhances the speed of the computer by executing in the following manner: It is a concept where several jobs would run parallel using the common processing resources like CPU and memory. It switches from one job to another taking the processes to execute simultaneously the tasks. This switching is called context switching. The security aspects of multitasking would be the ability of a process to impact inadvertently or deliberately overwrite memory allocation that belongs to another program. The complexity of various operations would make sure that memory requires to be protected from other processes and can be done using semaphores. The semaphores employ two basic functions namely wait and signal to synchronize the process operation and functioning. It allows concurrent access of the processes to memory resources for direct access and control. The memory management schemes involve garbage collection which is more dependent on various memory allocation and release methods for removing objects from memory. Researchers at Xerox PARC have developed a powerful formal model for describing the parameter spaces for collectors that are both generational and conservative. A garbage collection becomes a mapping from one storage state to another. They show that storage states may be partitioned into threatened and immune sets. The method of selecting these sets induces a specific garbage collection algorithm. A pointer augmentation provides the formalism for modeling remembered sets and imprecise pointer identifications. Finally, they show how the formalism may be used to combine any generational algorithm with a conservative one. They used the model to design and then implement two different conservative generational garbage collectors. Their Sticky Mark Bit collector uses two generations and promotes objects surviving a single coll ection. A refinement of this collector (Collector II) allows objects allocated beyond an arbitrary point in the past to be immune from collection and tracing. This boundary between old objects, which are immune, and the new objects, which are threatened, is called the threatening boundary. More recently, these authors have received a software patent covering their ideas. Any type of dynamic storage allocation system imposes both CPU and memory costs. The costs often strongly affect the performance of the system and pass directly to the purchaser of the hardware as well as to software project schedules. Thus, the selection of the appropriate storage management technique will often be determined primarily by its costs. Cache memory: It is a faster and speedier memory which is placed between the CPU and the main memory and is