Influences of EU Laws on UK Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Influences of EU Laws on UK Laws - Essay Example The enactment of the Equality Act 2010, which brings together UK’s anti-discrimination laws, was particularly influenced by EU law. This paper critically examines the influences of the EU law on the UK’s anti-discrimination laws. Article 141 of the Treaty of Rome, providing for equal pay for employees undertaking a like job has also influenced the English domestic law1. EU Directives and the EU Treaty continue to play a pivotal role in the implementation of the Equality Act 2010. The Equality Act 2010 consists of Equal Pay Act 1970, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976, and the Disability Discrimination Act 19952. The statute consists of other statutory structures outlawing discrimination in workplaces on the basis of religion or belief, age and sexual orientation. The recent enactment of the Act was influenced by the EU Directives on Equal Treatment. The Act requires fair treatment in employment, whether it is a public or private organization irrespective of age, physical ability, gender, marital status, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation . The legislation also envisages special privileges for expectant women and mothers, since their condition is classified as a protected characteristic. Moreover, the law requires employers and organizations that provide services to effect adequate adjustments at their premises to allow the disabled persons an unfettered access and equal benefits as the not-disabled4. Despite its overarching role in ensuring equality in the UK as captured in the EU law, the Act permits the barring of transsexuals from occupations that require gender-specific qualities for purposes of realizing a valid objective. Equal Pay Act 1970 Equal Pay Act was the first anti-discrimination law in Great Britain. Whereas, equal pay is an important part of EU and local anti-discrimination law, its enactment was not influenc ed by the EU5. The debate as whether equal pay across gender constitutes discrimination may be the result of a lack of a clear pattern by the international influences on this particular issue, and partly due to the joint codification of equal pay and sex discrimination legislation in the English law6. Anyhow, discrimination law both at the EU level and locally has shaped equal pay legislation where ‘genuine material difference’ exists (Equal Pay Act section 1(3)) or where the employers create indirectly biased payment systems. Whereas equal pay across gender and sex discrimination laws were codified separately, unequal pay based on ethnicity and race discrimination can be effectively handled under the Race Relations Act 19767. In light of this, the Equal Pay Act 1970 could be an original body of law whose creation was informed by local concerns because at its enactment, the UK had not yet joined the European Commission (EC) membership8. The subsequent inclusion of the U K in the EC in 1973 arguably served to strengthen the implementation of the law since a similar provision is present in the Treaty of Rome of 1957. Nonetheless, the is no denying that the

Latest innovations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Latest innovations - Research Paper Example Innovation is critical since it not only raises market attention but also helps in positioning and differentiation (OFallon, & Rutherford 2011). Innovation involves a new way of doing things using unique combination of production or delivery factors. Innovation is applicable in different ways like generation of a new product or improving an old product; the hotels can also develop new sales and supply markets or even restructure the whole company. With an aim of insuring sustainable development, the hotel industry is now adopting the new trend of eco-tourism. With years to come, all hotels will have legal obligation to ensure that all their practices aim at environmental conservation (Swami, & Sharma 2011). Hotels adopting eco-friendly innovations are beginning to have competitive advantage over other companies that do not protect the environment. Green hotels are growing daily hence becoming the core of the hospitality industry. Customers to this industry are also becoming eco sensitive hence are considering green hotel to meet their accommodation needs. The Eco label is becoming a standard for choice by the tourists and other hotel guests. Eco label hotels add environment friendly technological practices to their good menus besides providing a wide range of resources (Swami, & Sharma 2011). In the hotel environment, various activities such as constructions, landscaping, use of water and energy, cooking and disposal of waste s affect the environment if not contained. The size of hotel families in relation to the rate of utilization also influences environmental conditions (Swami, & Sharma 2011). There are varieties of forces that are pushing US hotels to be more environmental conscious. Some studies indicate that 90% of the current hotels guest aim at getting accommodations form Eco labelled hotels (Swami, & Sharma 2011). This causes pressure on hotels to adopt environment friendly techniques to maintain

Philosophy of the Person and Self Concept Essay - 1

Philosophy of the Person and Self Concept - Essay Example Locke in his  An Essay Concerning Human Understanding  and Jacques Rohault in his  Ultimate Questions: Thinking About Philosophy  use primarily ‘reason’ as their major tool for scientific research and methodological strength. He initially expresses doubt for ‘being’ and goes further to prove the reality of ‘being’. For him, when we doubt a thing or being, we then  ipso facto, by virtue of the existence of ‘doubt’, must know that what we doubt exist as a reality. Doubt we must for Descartes. Otherwise, all apparent reality is a dream or an illusion. This is not an instance of contradiction in Descartes. Here, it is the order and tool of argument is important than any other thing.  Descartes’ critics such as Johannes Caterus, Friar Marin Mersenne, Thomas Hobbes, Antoine Arnauld, Pierre Gassendi and Jesuit Pierre Bourdin point out quite a few criticisms.     

Management Final Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management Final Report - Essay Example This report focuses on the presentation of all stages related with the organization of a musical event in Albert park (Australia). In order for the promoters of this project to have a clear view on the processes, the cost, the time frame and the resources required for the realization of this project it is required that a thorough analysis of all parts of this project is presented to them. In this context, specific elements (parts) of this project are particularly analyzed taking into account their importance for the development and the success of the project. Apart from that, general issues related with the music industry are also presented in order to explain the sequence of issues throughout the paper. Generally, it is suggested that the specific musical event is expected to have a significant success not only because of the region and the time chosen for its realization but mostly because no other similar event has been organized in the specific region for quite a long. On the oth er hand, specific efforts (as analyzed in the report below) have been made in order to keep the price of the tickets at low levels offering the chance to people of all financial status to participate in the event. Appropriate solutions are also offered for the effective handling of specific problems (like the quality of the programme, the monitoring of the event and the resolution of potential disputes throughout the particular event). One of the most challenging tasks for the people that organize these events is to arrange the appropriate distribution of resources available (for the realization of the relevant project) referring to supply chain management for all the stages of a particular musical event. Focusing on the necessity of supply chain management in modern business activities, Krishnan et al. (2001, 259) noticed that ‘supply chain management has become an important part of strategic planning in both large and

The Rise and Fall of the HP Way Case Study Essay

The Rise and Fall of the HP Way Case Study - Essay Example What was the HP Way? In the HP Alumni Association, Inc. (2012), it was revealed that the HP Way had five clearly stipulated corporate values to wit: â€Å"We have trust and respect for individuals. We focus on a high level of achievement and contribution. We conduct our business with uncompromising integrity. We achieve our common objectives through teamwork. We encourage flexibility and innovation† (HP Alumni Association, Inc. 2012). The date stipulate for these corporate values to be designed, instituted and implemented within the organization is in 1992. Accordingly, the HP corporate objectives designed as early as 1966 focused on seven explicit goals: (1) profit, (2) customers, (3) field of interest, (4) growth, (5) employees, (6) organization, and (7) citizenship (HP Alumni Association, Inc. 2012). ... Governance under Carly Fiorina Case facts revealed that Carly Fiorina was a former sales executive that was hired to shake up HP. She was reported to become HP’s Chairman and CEO in 1999, three years after the death of one of its founders, Dave Packard. It was specifically noted that she was hired from external sources and was instrumental in changing various corporate values that were identified to be an integral part of the HP Way. From among the tranformations attributed to Fiorina were: (1) mishandling of lay-offs; (2) valuing profits more than people; (3) creating a ‘cult of personality’; and (4) creating a culture of fear (Dong, 2002, p. 1). To expound on the aspect of laying-off employees, according to Jaime Ash, a retired engineer who stayed with HP for more than 28 years, the HP way that employees and management had been talking about focused on â€Å"co-workers (who) were reassigned to new jobs rather than fired; how the company for a time implemented a shortened work week for all employees so certain individuals would not lose their jobs† (Dong, 2002, p. 1). In sum, the differentiated practices under Fiorina’s helm and the HP Way are detailed below: Corporate Practice HP Way Fiorina’s Helm Firing/lay-offs Job reassignment Laid-off 6000 employees Corporate culture Trust, respect Distrust, fear Motivational program Motivated by hugs Motivated by fear Management practice To be part of the team; Distant and aloof; decentralized top-down approach Communication practice Open, sharing information Close, secret, discreet Mistakes that Led to HP’s Near Collapse From the information and assessment of the facts, one could

OLS Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

OLS - Case Study Example According to Carrel et al (1995), organisations should always consider ethics and values since they are primarily concerned with upholding the principles of honesty and truthfulness in the company’s endeavour to satisfy the needs of the customers. Ethics are very important because strategic operations in an organisation that are premised on lies are bound to fail as they would be doubtful in the eyes of the potential customers. 2) Leadership can be defined as the ability by an individual to influence the other people in an organisation to follow a course of action that is specifically designed to achieve the goals of the organisation. Leadership is primarily involved in the attainment of the vision of the organisation. Leadership in an organisation is very important since it focuses on the attainment of organisational goals. 3) A service can be defined as an offering that is intangible but able to satisfy the needs of the consumers. A service is exchanged for something valuable such as money or any other kind of payment. This definition is very important in the understanding of decision making since it affects the quality of services offered by an organisation as well as the general service delivery 4) Character can be defined as the personal attributes that form and shape the behaviour of an individual person. Whilst character is something that is in born, it can as well be noted that it can as well be influenced by external forces. This definition is very important in the knowledge of decision making as it is enlightening about how an individual person can conduct himself. a) Prejudicial employment practices posit to the effect that organisations should not discriminate the other employees on the basis of race, gender, age, physical ability as well as religion among others (Carrel et al 1995). The most

Light Photography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Light Photography - Assignment Example Diffusion scatters light making the source broader and softer. For example, when clouds drift in front of the sun, shadows get less distinct. For the shadows to disappear, just add fog. Thirdly, bouncing light acts as diffusion. By aiming a narrow source of light at a broad matte surface such as wall and ceiling, it will not only reflect the light but will also diffuse it by scattering it over a wider area. The further the light source, the more it falls off meaning it gets dimmer on your subject. If light is moved twice as far from the subject you end up with only one quarter of it on the subject. Light fall-off can be used for varying the relationship between the light on your subject and your background. If a light source is placed close to the subject, the fall-off from the subject to the background will be more pronounced. When light is moved further from the subject, the background will be relatively brighter. Generally, I have learnt a lot from the light photography assignment. Light lessens shadows, the closer the source of light the closer the light, diffusion scatters light, and that bouncing light acts as diffusion. The further the light source, the more it falls off, Light falloff can be used to vary relationship and Front lighting deemphasizes